Objectives: Biofilms formed in food-processing environments are of special importance as they have the potential to act as a persistent source of microbial contamination that may lead to food spoilage or transmission of diseases. The creation of microbial biofilms, which can be a source of food product contamination with food spoilage and food borne pathogenic bacteria, is one of the most critical elements in the food industry. The goal of this study was to see how well magnesium oxide (MgO) and copper oxide (CuO) nano particles (NPs) inhibited growth and biofilm formation of two common foodborne bacterial pathogens.\nMethods and Results: This study was completed in the year 2020. Resazurin reduction and micro-dilution procedures were used to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of magnesium oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles for Escherichia coli O157: H7 (ATCC 35218) and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19118). The bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon technique was used to determine the cell-surface hydrophobicity of the selected bacteria. The surface assay was also used to calculate the influence of the NPs coated surfaces on the biofilm formation of the selected bacteria. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles had MICs of 2 and 2 mg/ml, while copper oxide nanoparticles had MICs of 0.16 and 1 mg/ml against E. coli and L. monocytogenes, respectively. At the MIC, the magnesium and copper nanoparticles inhibited biofilm formation of E. coli and L. monocytogenes by 89.9 and 96.6 percent and 93.6 and 98.7 percent, respectively. The hydrophobicity of E. coli and L. monocytogenes was determined to be 74% and 67%, respectively. The surface assay revealed a substantial reduction in bacterial adhesion and colonization on NPs-coated surfaces.\nConclusions: Both compounds had inhibitory effects on E. coli and L. monocytogenes, according to our findings. Even at sub-MICs, NPs were found to be able to prevent biofilm development. The microbial count and production of microbial biofilms were reduced on surfaces coated with MgO and CuO nano particles.\nSignificance and Impact of Study: MgO and CuO nano particles can be utilized as a cleaning agent for surfaces to avoid the formation of food borne bacterial biofilms, which is important for public health.

Disrespect and abuse of women by health care workers during pregnancy and childbirth is very common especially in developing countries like Nigeria. This is a deterrent to the utilization of available maternal health-care facilities with resultant high maternal morbidity and mortality. Hence there is a need for interventional strategies to reduce the prevalence. This study examines the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the prevalence of disrespect and abuse in two district hospitals in Nigeria. It employed a quasi-experimental design as a control before and after with a comparison to measure the effect of a single intervention on the prevalence of disrespect and abuse experienced by women during childbirth, using two health facilities. A total of three hundred and seventy four (374) women experiencing childbirth, one hundred and eighty seven from each health facility were randomly selected as research participants for a baseline study while the same total number of women were selected after a 3 days training on respectful maternity care targeted at health workers in only one of the hospitals. The overall prevalence of disrespect and abuse among the women at baseline was 92.33%. The results from the logistic regression analysis conducted at post intervention and the z-score comparison of proportion test indicates a significant reduction in the overall prevalence of disrespect and abuse at the intervention site, from 88.2% to 46% with no significant change in the overall prevalence of disrespect and abuse at the control site. It was concluded that there is a significant relationship between educational intervention and prevalence of disrespect and abuse hence recommendations were made for relevant stakeholders to implement strategies that will improve respectful maternity care.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-sowing treatments and temperature on Sclorhachis leptoclada Boiss. seed germination. The following treatments were used), hot water (soaking in water at 70◦c and 90◦c for 5 second), Moist Chilling (Soaking in water at 2◦c for 7,14 and 21day with the temperature gradually falling to room temperature), scarification by 0.2% potassium nitrate (soaking for 24 h and 48 h) and Gibberellic acid (GA: at concentrations of 250, 500 and 750 ppm soaking for 24 h and 48 h). and Distilled Water (control). The percentage of germination, germination rate, germination start (GS), mean germination time (MGT), and germination vigor index were determined as germination indices. Root and shoot length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and seedling dry weight were evaluated as growth factors at the end of the incubation period. Second experiment was carried out to study the effect of temperature on seed germination. It was observed that both the physical and chemical scarification methods were effective in enhancing S. leptoclada seed germination and growth. The highest germination rate, percentage of germination and germination vigor index was observed with Moist Chilling (Soaking in water at 2 ◦c for 14 day), 0.2% potassium nitrate (soaking for 48h) and GA (at concentration of 250 ppm soaking for 48h) in compare with control. Also the highest growth factors were found in Moist Chilling (Soaking in water at 2◦c for 7day) treated seeds and the lowest occurred in hot water treatments. The other results showed that higher temperature was more effective lower temperature for seed germination.

Purpose: The hydraulic resilience of Sadra City water distribution network (WDN) against earthquakes, based on the complex network theory is assessed. Methodology: Two hydraulic resilience indices including the Population Impacted (PI) and the Water Services Availability (WSA) are employed. Nine scenarios considering the different earthquake intensity and epicenters were considered. The robust repair strategy is proposed considering two different prospective, the maximum PI and WDN recovery time. Findings: According to hydraulic resilience indices, North of Sadra City is the most vulnerable area and the network resilience is the highest in the South. Finally, employing fragility curve analysis, pipes with high probability of damage are detected to be enhanced to increase WDN resilience upon future disasters. Originality: The prospective of the WDN capacity to return to normal condition after the shock to the system is studied based on the concept of recovery time. The recovery time of the system in each scenario depicted significant correlation with the hydraulic resilience indices.

Strategic planning is the last stage of the evolution of urban planning, which with flexibility and participatory approach seeks to create consensus among citizens to determine the future vision of urban development. In fact, all individuals and groups living in the urban community are recognized as stakeholders as well as the goal of planning, and will be involved in the final formulation of such plans. The CDS focuses more on strengthening economic competition, also covers poverty reduction, urban structure, organization, and environmental aspects. The purpose of this study; measuring the indicators of city development strategy (urban good governance, livability, bankability and competitiveness) in Mallard. Descriptive-analytical method has been used to do this. In fact, this research is an applied research. The statistical population of this study includes two groups of citizens and officials of Mallard. According to the last census in 2021, the population of this city was 335460 people. According to the population of the statistical population and using the modified Cochran's formula, the sample size required to complete the questionnaire of 380 citizens were randomly selected in all neighbourhoods and areas of the city. The data were processed with SPSS and AMOS software and one-sample T-test. The results show that the situation of the components of livability with score of (1.70) and good urban governance with score of (1.82) is relatively worse than the other components and the components of bankability with score of (2.20) and competitiveness with score of (2.42) have a relatively better position.

Objectives: Biofilms formed in food-processing environments are of special importance as they have the potential to act as a persistent source of microbial contamination that may lead to food spoilage or transmission of diseases. The creation of microbial biofilms, which can be a source of food product contamination with food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic bacteria, is one of the most critical elements in the food industry. The goal of this study was to see how well magnesium oxide (MgO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) inhibited growth and biofilm formation of two common foodborne bacterial pathogens.\nMethods and Results: This study was completed in the year 2020. Resazurin reduction and micro-dilution procedures were used to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of magnesium oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles for Escherichia coli O157: H7 (ATCC 35218) and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19118). The bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon technique was used to determine the cell-surface hydrophobicity of the selected bacteria. The surface assay was also used to calculate the influence of the NPs coated surfaces on the biofilm formation of the selected bacteria. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles had MICs of 2 and 2 mg/ml, while copper oxide nanoparticles had MICs of 0.16 and 1 mg/ml against E. coli and L. monocytogenes, respectively. At the MIC, the magnesium and copper nanoparticles inhibited biofilm formation of E. coli and L. monocytogenes by 89.9 and 96.6 percent and 93.6 and 98.7 percent, respectively. The hydrophobicity of E. coli and L. monocytogenes was determined to be 74% and 67%, respectively. The surface assay revealed a substantial reduction in bacterial adhesion and colonization on NPs-coated surfaces.\nConclusions: Both compounds had inhibitory effects on E. coli and L. monocytogenes, according to our findings. Even at sub-MICs, NPs were found to be able to prevent biofilm development. The microbial count and production of microbial biofilms were reduced on surfaces coated with MgO and CuO nano particles.\nSignificance and Impact of Study: MgO and CuO nanoparticles can be utilized as a cleaning agent for surfaces to avoid the formation of food borne bacterial biofilms, which is important for public health.

This paper presents the results of an automated online survey of schoolchildren's parents in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Russian Federation). The purpose of the survey was to study the satisfaction of schoolchildren's parents with the form of organization and the results of the educational work in scholarly organizations. The average indicators of parents' satisfaction with various aspects of educational work are analyzed. It was revealed that the satisfaction of parents in the areas of educational work differs. Parents are not satisfied with how the school forms positive life goals, high life demands, tolerance for the views and opinions of other people, the development of strong-willed qualities, independence. Parents believe that school does not help the child to build self-confidence, to learn how to solve life problems, to overcome difficulties, and does not teach proper behavior in difficult life situations. From their parents' point of view, the school does not teach their children enough about the rejection of nationalism, extremism, corruption, prevention of alcohol and drug addiction, and smoking. Parents also believe that the school does not prepare well enough for a meaningful choice of profession. To improve the effectiveness of the organizational educational work in modern educational institutions of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, it is recommended to improve the training of future teachers in the process of obtaining higher education. It is necessary to prepare them for professional activity in modern conditions of social digital transformation and education based on a systematic approach to the educational work arrangement and innovative technologies of education like regularly monitoring obtained objective information about the state of the educational process in educational institutions of KBR, create a digital educational platform for the development of the parent's upbringing competence.

Remote Sensing (RS), is an emerging technology to demarcate the extension of lithological units in rugged terrain. In this study, RS technology manifested by the ASTER and Sentinel-2A imagery to map/discriminate carbonaceous strata in various parts of Kohat Plateau, in northwest Pakistan. Various Spectral image transformation techniques, including PCA (Principal Component Analysis), MNF (Minimum Noise Fraction), BR (Band Ratio), and CI (Carbonate Index) were utilized after atmospheric correction modules. The resultant Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color combination deciphered from Sentinel-2A, including PCA (PC1, PC2, PC4 as RGB), and MNF (MNF1, MNF2, MNF3 as RGB), elucidated its applicability to effectively discriminate between the target features. The derived RGB color composites from the band ratio on ASTER data (BR5/1, BR5/7, BR3/4*5/4 as RGB), and Carbonate Index (CI) B13/B14, viably identified the limestone body and yielded a better approach to differentiate limestone from other lithological units. In this study, spectroscopic field data were also integrated with satellite-based image processing techniques and represented a meaningful contribution to rectifying previous geological maps. The resultant maps derived from the aforementioned image transformation techniques showed a notable attribute to record target units, and illustrate its significance for lithological mapping and its identification.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) as biofertilizers have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of PGPB on tomato plants following drought stress. In this regard, agricultural soils were collected from around Karaj-Iran and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were isolated using PVK culture medium. After bacterial identification by morphological, biochemical, and molecular tests, the ability of siderophore and cellulose production in the isolates was assessed. The ability of isolates to tolerate drought was tested using polyethylene glycol 6000. The total chlorophyll and total carotenoid content was also measured in tomato plants treated with the selected isolates as well as the control. The results showed that the five isolates (three Bacillus spp., one Brevibacterium spp. and one Actinomyces spp.), which had the ability of siderophore production, and cellulase secretion, were able to tolerate the drought stress up to the osmotic pressure of -0.8 MPa. All of these isolates reduced the levels of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids in treated plants less severely than in control plants (P<0.05). Hence, the isolated and identifed PGPB could be use in tomato production and other crops under drought stress.

The technology of communication in today�s high-tech world can be contemplated based on wired system and wireless system. A wireless system is automatized, computerized and networked in all aspects; thus, its entire system is operated by a small number of staffs. On the other hand, telephone and Internet that are the most prominent wired systems require an implementation of communication line connection work at the main distributing frame of a central office only by hand between the switchboard of a central office and subscribers. To this end, they continue to require a lot of staffs. Currently, those wired systems have the problem that only the communication line connection work has been automatized. Thus, this paper developed the intelligent main distributing frame system that realized the automatic connection matrix. This system has the following advantages. First, it automatizes the line connection of main distributing frame. Second, it provides a connection through direct metal contact. Third, it transfers high-speed digital signals such as ADSL and VDSL transparently. Fourth, it can also transfer high voltage signals such as ring signal. Fifth, it can maintain the connection even in the case of power outage.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of PGPB on tomato plants following drought stress. In this regard, agricultural soils were collected from around Karaj-Iran and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were isolated using PVK culture medium. After bacterial identification by morphological, biochemical, and molecular tests, the ability of siderophore and cellulose production in the isolates was assessed. The ability of isolates to tolerate drought was tested using polyethylene glycol 6000. The total chlorophyll and total carotenoid content was also measured in tomato plants treated with the selected isolates as well as the control. The results showed that the five isolates (three Bacillus spp., one Brevibacterium spp. and one Actinomyces spp.), which had the ability of siderophore production, and cellulase secretion, were able to tolerate the drought stress up to the osmotic pressure of -0.8 MPa. All of these isolates reduced the levels of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids in treated plants less severely than in control plants (P<0.05). Hence, the isolated and identifed PGPB could be use in tomato production and other crops under drought stress.

In this article, the authors analyse the growing importance of the Arctic Zone of Russian Federation (AZRF) amidst the growing geopolitical tensions and Western sanctions on Russian Federation. The AZRF is one of the largest reserves of natural resources and source of energy which large remains untapped to this day. On one hand, the necessity to maximize exploration and economic activities in AZRF is the need of the hour for Russian Federation considering the global geopolitical pressures and on the other hand it is also important to keep in mind the concept and principle of sustainable green development that will enable protection of Arctic flora and fauna and also ensure better education, employment, infrastructure and quality to life to the native populations of AZRF. The authors have analysed the current situation of Russian Arctic and the steps that can be taken by Russia to mitigate the losses for the time being.

This paper is the result of the first phase of the project initiated last year to deepen the study of a recurrently overlooked phenomenon: the professional internship project. Therefore, a documentary review was conducted to identify the textual typology that undergraduate and engineering students should develop at the end of their professional internships. Subsequently, a conceptual delimitation was made to identify and specify the characteristics of the manuscript that the students wrote during their stays in the companies. Since no studies were carried out on the phenomenon in question, the exploratory method was used to glimpse the structure corresponding to the textual framework typical of the educational level and model dealt with here.