Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is being evaluated in laboratory research for its benefits as an antioxidant and immunity booster, as well as for its properties to prevent tumors and cure diabetes. The vast spread of Noni in tropical region of the globe, from America reaching to Africa and Southeast Asia, contributed in enhancing its usage and potency due to the diversity in harvest zone. Noni parts comprise fruits, seeds, leaves, and flowers are being used for individual nutritional and therapeutical values. Nevertheless, the fruit is widely characterized to contain the most valuable bioactive substances. On the other hand, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disorder impacting the small blood vessels in the retina, which includes microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, and hard exudates results from prolonged exposure to high blood glucose levels. The anti-diabetes effect of Noni extract and juice has been examined but the beneficial role of Noni and its potential mechanisms against the development of diabetic retinopathy phenotype is still ambiguous. This review, therefore, will discusses in details the pharmacological actions of M. citrifolia fruit, along with their isolated phytochemical compounds on diabetic retinopathy markers, through describing the conducted in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical data.

Background: Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) is considered as one of the underutilized fruits in Malaysia. They are grown at higher elevations such as in Cameron Highlands, Pahang or surrounding the Mount Kinabalu, in Sabah, Malaysia. The fruit is a reliable source of dietary fiber, minerals, antioxidants, and vitamins. Method: In this study, ethanolic extract of tamarillo was evaluated for their protective roles using MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), followed by the ability to enhance Doxorubicin cytotoxicity in HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Results: The most protective effect was observed at 10 µg/ml of tamarillo ethanolic extract with a significant increment (p < 0.05) in cell viability by 79% compared to the control (57%). H2O2 induced-3T3 cells treated with different concentrations of tamarillo ethanolic extracts significantly reversed the H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and resulted in the prevention of cell death. Further, doxorubicin and tamarillo ethanolic extract work synergistically to inhibit cell proliferation of HepG2 cancer cell line. Conclusion: The cytoprotective effect of tamarillo ethanolic extract with its low toxicity, fosters further evaluation on its potential as a promising active ingredient for potential future use in conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy.

One of the most important accidents for water transmission happens by air entrance due to water hammer into the water pipeline. The air can be sucked into the water system due to repeated pipe breaks. The aim of this work was to improve the standard for precession designs and installation techniques in the field of sub-atmospheric transient pressures. With the possibility of sucking air in the negative pressure phase, two scenarios were investigated. First: with the water outflow from the leak to the surge tank, second: with free outflow from the leak to the outside the pipeline against atmospheric pressure. By Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) the sucking air phenomenon was recognized during fluid instabilities. In order to recognition of the location of water pipeline breaks, the numerical modeling was defined by Method of Characteristics (MOC) based on GIS. Based on the GIS and numerical analysis, the Courant number was equal to 0.977. In the field test, the pressure surge velocity was 1084 (m/s) which was detected by a remote sensing facility equipped with data loggers in 0.005(s). The result of this work led to reducing the Non-Revenue Water (NRW) and saving the amount of 200 (l/s) of drinking water.

Research aims: This study identifies the effect of applying government accounting standards; implement the information technology; and internal control system of accounting on the quality of financial reports with the moderating variable is organizational commitment. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study implemented a quantitative approach with a purposive sampling technique on 100 respondents of the State Civil Apparatus within the Ministry of Religion that comprises 53 central employees and 47 provincial employees. Collecting primary data was conducted by filling out a questionnaire. Hypothesis testing utilized bootstrapping procedure. Research findings: The results showed that the application of government accounting standards is accrual based; Utilization of Information Technology; and Accounting Internal Control have positive and significant influences on the Quality of Financial Reports. Then, organizational commitment does not act as moderation to the influence between the application of government accounting standards and the quality of financial reports. However, organizational commitment can moderate the influence between the use of information technology and the quality of financial reports, internal control and the quality of financial reports significantly.

BACKGROUND: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) patients may have different specific neuropsychological deficits related to the location of the cortical tubers. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are common but the relationship between these diagnoses has not been formally explored. In this study we sought to examine brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) findings in TSC patients with ASD. METHODS: We evaluated 34 children with tuberous sclerosis complex on the basis of DSM-V diagnostic criteria for ASD. Demographic features and brain MRI findings (number and localization of the tubers, T1 and T2 signal characteristics of the tubers, SWI findings, DWI findings and transmantle sign) were recorded. We also noted motor and verbal development, epilepsy histories, number of antiepileptic drugs. Brain MRI were reviewed by two pediatric radiologist who were blinded to the name and clinical status of the patients. DSM-V criteria, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R), psychiatrist’s examination (M.Ç), structured parent interviews are used for ASD diagnosis. RESULTS: In our study, ASD was defined in 13 patients (38,2 %). The mean number of tubers was 21.8 in patients with ASD (group 1) and tubers were mostly located on prefrontal areas. Rate of tubers in prefrontal cortex/whole tubers was 0.51 in patients with autism which was significantly higher than patients without ASD. There is a significant difference between generalize epileptiform activities and response to treatment (p=0.002; p=0.001) between groups. There is no significant difference in cognitive disturbances, infantile spasm history. CONCLUSIONS: We found a specific correlation with number and topography of the tubers especially located in prefrontal cortex in patients with ASD. Specific areas in magnetic resonance imaging may help understanding the development of ASD in TSC patients.