In this article we introduce the concept of Generalised M-Preclosed sets in biminimal structure spaces. We have established several characteristics and properties of this set in these spaces.

There are many technologies for converting waste into energy. Including solid household waste, emitting landfill gas during decomposition. To prevent pollution of the atmosphere and an increase in the greenhouse effect, it is necessary to solve the problem of collection and utilization of landfill gas, the components of which (methane and carbon dioxide) significantly affect climate change.

The Efficacy of Chest X-ray for the Diagnosis and Follow-up in Young Adult COVID-19 Patients with Mild Dyspnea No Comorbid Diseases\n\nPurpose: \nWe investigated whether Chest X-Ray (CXR) could replace CT modality in the diagnosis and during the treatment of young adult COVID-19 patients with mild dyspnea with no comorbid diseases.\n\nMaterials and Method: \nThis retrospective study involved an examination of the records of a total of 956 patients hospitalized between March 1 and May 15, 2020. The study included a total of 64 patients, aged 21–60 years with mild dyspnea with no comorbid diseases and with COVID-19 infection confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction, who underwent a CXR at admission and CT imaging within 24 hours. The first CXR and CT images at the time of admission were evaluated in terms of lesions and localization. The clinical-radiological course of the diseases with CXR were also statistically evaluated.\n\nResults: \nCT was normal in 18/64 (28.2%) patients, all of whom also had normal CXR. The rest of the patients 46/64 (71.8%) with an abnormal CT, the CXR was normal in 18/46 (39.1%) and abnormal in 28/46 (60.9%). The time between the onset of complaints and admission to the hospital in patients with abnormal and normal CXR was 3.5 ± 2.3 days and 2.1 ± 1.1, which was statistically significant (p = 0.004). The hospital stay duration of the patient with abnormal and normal CXR was 9.6 ± 3.5 and 9.5 ± 3.4 (p=0.928), respectively, and was not statistically significant.\n\nConclusion: \nCXR could be used in the diagnosis and follow-up of young adult COVID 19 patients with mild dyspnea no comorbid disease. In the case of early admission to the hospital, there is not a significant difference between using CXR or CT in the management of these patients. Therefore, the use of CXR in these patients groups will reduce the burden of CT units in pandemic conditions with limited resources.\n\nKeywords: Chest X-ray, ground-glass opacity, computed tomography, COVID-19

Background: Psychiatric comorbidities of chronic urticaria (CU) have been reported and examined recently. The prevalence of mental disorders and emotional distress is high in patients with CU. This is a case report in which HistobulinTM was found to be effective for psychiatric manifestations in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).\nCase Presentation: Three cases of CSU accompanying psychiatric manifestations (PMs) were treated with HistobulinTM. One patient with CSU with severe depression showed clinical changes in depressive symptoms in parallel to changes in allergic symptoms during treatment. HistobulinTM clearly improved not only CSU but also the accompanying PMs in one patient and slightly improved them in another patient. The PMs were not improved by an antihistamine (H1 blocker) in any case. HistobulinTM is effective not only for allergic manifestations (AMs) but also for PMs of CSU.\nConclusions: PMs as well as AMs of CSU were improved by HistobulinTM therapy. PMs were suspected to be a part of the clinical manifestations in CSU, possibly through histamine-mediated mechanisms. These conditions were suggested to be ‘allergic psychiatric manifestations (APMs)’ or ‘histamine-mediated psychiatric manifestations (HPMs)’. Further study of PMs based on histamine-mediated mechanisms, including allergies, may be necessary. Accordingly, it should be clarified whether the PMs of CSU are a part of the clinical manifestations of CSU or are psychiatric comorbidities of CSU.

Role of streaming speeds of positive ions (ui0), relativistic electrons (ue0) together with the immobile dust charge (Zd) to form dust-ion acoustic compressive and rarefactive relativistic solitons in this multi-species plasma model for immobile dusty plasma are investigated. In this new investigation of dust-ion acoustic waves with positive ions and relativistic electrons in presence of immobile dust, it is noteworthy to mention that only compressive KdV solitons are seen to produce for some pairs of initial streaming of ions and relativistic electrons. Whereas for some other pairs of ion and relativistic electron streaming speeds, rarefactive solitons of either increasing or decreasing character are seen to produce. The presence of dust charge of immobile dust, present in the plasma plays very crucial role to form compressive and rarefactive KdV solitons which is a salient feature of this theoretical investigation. Brief application of this model in space plasmas is also discussed.

The drag force of a road vehicle is responsible for a large part of the vehicle’s fuel consumption and contribute up to 50% of the total vehicle fuel consumption at high vehicle speeds. This study focused on decrease of drag coefficient of a 1/15 scale minibus model. The aerodynamic performance was improved with the original designed vortex generator for minibus model. The Computational Fluid Dynamics method was used in aerodynamic studies due to its big advantages. The drawing datas of model minibus and vortex generators were designed in the Solid Works® Program. Flow analyses were performed in the Fluent® program at the 5 different free flow velocities in the range of 2.8x105-6.6x105 Reynolds Numbers. Reynolds number independence was used to provide dynamic similarity. The blockage rate was 5.34% and kinematic similarity was provided in studies. As a result of the flow analyzes, the CD coefficient of the model minibus was decreased respectively 18.45%, 15.07%, 16.46%, and 11.87% by using original designed vortex generator. This aerodynamic improvement rate can decrease fuel consumption of minibus about 6-10 % on high speeds. The pressure distribution on model vehicle and flow structure around the minibus model were investigated numerically.

The association of metal cations with plants� natural pigments anthocyanins plays an important role in plants� homeostasis. Multiple questions concerning the interactions of metals with anthocyanins remain obscure, and theoretical studies are very scarce. We performed quantum-chemical calculations using Density Functional Theory to assess the energies of the formation of anthocyanin-metal complexes. Six basic anthocyanidin molecules, their 3-O-glycosides and 3,5-O-diglycosides were evaluated together with six metal cations Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Al3+, and Fe3+. The primary findings are (1) the energies of the formation of chelates for a given metal do not differ significantly among anthocyanins with catechol motif; (2) the strength of coordination compounds increases in a row Ca2+

The association of metal cations with plants’ natural pigments anthocyanins plays an important role in plants’ homeostasis. Multiple questions concerning the interactions of metals with anthocyanins remain obscure, and theoretical studies are very scarce. We performed quantum-chemical calculations using Density Functional Theory to assess the energies of the formation of anthocyanin-metal complexes. Six basic anthocyanidin molecules, their 3-O-glycosides and 3,5-O-diglycosides were evaluated together with six metal cations Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Al3+, and Fe3+. The primary findings are (1) the energies of the formation of chelates for a given metal do not differ significantly among anthocyanins with catechol motif; (2) the strength of coordination compounds increases in a row Ca2+

Mixotrophic growth of microalgae offers great potential as an efficient strategy for increasing biomass. In this study, Scenedesmus obliquus was used to investigate the performances of biomass growth and biochemical parameters of algae cells in autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions with and without aeration. It is found that mixotrophic cultivation of algae cells by 50 mM acetate had strong effect on increasing of fresh wight, photosynthetic pigments, astaxanthin, protein and lipid content in culture medium. Mixotrophy by pyruvate also increased the amount of all mentioned parameters. The best concentration of pyruvate was 50 mM, but the effects of acetate were more stronger. Aeartion in short time (2 h) had different effect on mixotrphic cultures with acetate and pyruvate. It declined the effect of acetate in increasing of fresh weight and the amount of other biochemical parameters. Unlike acetate treatment, aeration had enhancement effect on increasing of fresh weight and biochemical parameters content in 50 and 100 mM pyruvate treatments. In the control cultures, the saturated acid, caprylic acid (C8:0) (40%) and the polyunsaturated ecosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n3) (17.5%) had higher percentage. Mixotrophy caused a decrease in the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and an increase in the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). EPA was the main fatty acid in mixotrotrophic condition. Aeration in phototrophic condition decreased SFAs% and increased UFAs%. Aeration under mixotrophic condition increased UFAs in both acetate and pyruvate-treated cultures. Our results suggest that aeration can be an important factor in interaction with other algae growth condition.

Vernadsky\'s statement about the impact of the processes in the earth\'s crust on the processes and events in the biosphere was analyzed. The reason for the repeatability of biosphere events throughout the geological history of the Earth was considered. in the framework of the recently proposed (Ivlev 2015, 2019) model of the global carbon cycle. It was established that the reason for the repeatability of the processes and events in the biosphere is the orogenic cycles, caused by the uneven movement of lithosphere plates. Thanks to this movement, the evolution of global photosynthesis on the Earth occurs in a pulsation mode. Each pulse corresponds to a separate orogenic cycle. The corresponding processes and events in the biosphere are repeated in the subsequent orogenic cycles. The repetition takes place at the background of a continuous decrease of the CO2 content in the environment and an continues increase of oxygen concentration. These changes determine the unidirectional and irreversible nature of the evolution and ultimately bring carbon cycle to an ecological compensation point. The validity of the conclusions is based on the logic and facts as well as on the knowledge of the physical and chemical laws taking into account the actualism principle. The validity of the model itself is proved by the same sequence of biosphere events, which was established independently by different researchers. It is shown that the irreversible nature of the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis ultimately leads the global carbon cycle to the ecological compensation point, where orogenic cycles are transformed into relatively short-term climatic oscillations.

Consumers’ expectations about high performance, high volume, and lower price have been increased all without a compromise on quality, pushing them to put efforts in new technologies applications such as Internet of Things (IOT). Albeit, different challenges show off through this application and this is the point that most of the previous studies paid less attention to while just paying attention to the advantages of these technologies. To overcome this defect, a multiple attribute decision making (MADM) model is developed to rank the challenges of IOT in healthcare environment, using intuitionistic fuzzy step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) to weight the challenges. Based on this, intuitionistic fuzzy complex proportional assessment of alternatives (COPRAS) is proposed to rank and select the challenges that should receive the first priority of attention. Analysis shows that the scores of challenges are close to each other and this shows that all the challenges really matters in taking advantages of IOT application in healthcare system. However, Loss of Integrity of data and transformation receives the first rank among the challenges since if it’s dealt with correctly; most of the benefits mentioned in the paper are realized. The challenge with the least score relates to big data management, since when all the other challenges are faced properly, the background would be ready to manage big data and extract efficient information of it.

OBJECTIVE: Headache in pediatric age group is one of the common causes of admission to both general pediatrics and pediatric neurology outpatient clinics. The aim in this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of our cases diagnosed with migraine. \nMETHOD: The study included patients who admitted to University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic between January 2013-January 2016 and were diagnosed with migraine. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients diagnosed with migraine were retrospectively evaluated. Statistical comparison was made between subgroups, which were migraine with aura and migraine without aura.\nRESULTS: A total of 144 patients, 91 (63.1%) of which were female and 53 (36.8%) of which were male were included in the study and the mean age was 12.99 ± 2.68 years. Of the patients, 57 (39.6%) were diagnosed with migraine with aura, 85 (59.1%) were diagnosed with migraine without aura, and 2 (1.38%) were diagnosed with episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine. The mean age of patients with migraine with aura was 12.99 ± 2.68 years, and the mean age of patients with migraine without aura was 11.87 ± 2.75 years (p=0.017). Of the female patients with migraine, 44 (48.4%), and of the male patients with migraine, 13 (24.5%), were followed up due to migraine with aura (p=0.008). Of 144 patients diagnosed with migraine, 27 (18.8%) were under 10 years old, and 117 (81.3%) were above 10 years old. \nDISCUSSION: Since migraine is a chronic disease which is observed more frequently than estimated during childhood, its individual and social burden must be acknowledged. For the diagnosis of migraine headache, it is very important to evaluate headache, which is a common cause of admission to pediatrics outpatient clinic, with a good anamnesis and detailed physical examination.

Objective: Benign hereditary chorea is a dominantly inherited, childhood-onset hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by non-progressive chorea and variable degrees of thyroid and respiratory involvement. Here we reported three clinical aspects of NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2–1) related chorea in the same family with the variable phenotypical presentation. \nCase: 3-year-old female patient presented with axial hypotonia and choreiform movements. Her mother and grandfather had been suffering from likely involuntary movements and her grandfather died because of non-small cell lung cancer. A pathogenic heterozygous variant on NKX2-1 gene (c.703G>T) related to autosomal dominant hereditary chorea and hypothroiditis was found by exome sequencing. We determined partial response from L dopa treatment but not a complete resolution of choreiform movements.\nConclusion: Severity of chorea, clinical progress, and the response to treatment can be variable in patients with NKX2-1 related hereditary chorea and many patients do not have the classic triad of the brain–lung–thyroid syndrome. ‘Benign’ word in the name of the disease (benign hereditary chorea) was considerable because of the long-term results of the function of the NKX2-1 gene.

Abstract \nNoni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is being evaluated in laboratory research for its benefits as an antioxidant and immunity booster, as well as for its properties to prevent tumors and cure diabetes. The vast spread of Noni in tropical region of the globe, from America reaching to Africa and Southeast Asia, contributed in enhancing its usage and potency due to the diversity in harvest zone. Noni parts comprise fruits, seeds, leaves, and flowers are being used for individual nutritional and therapeutical values. Nevertheless, the fruit is widely characterized to contain the most valuable bioactive substances. On the other hand, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disorder impacting the small blood vessels in the retina, which includes microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, and hard exudates results from prolonged exposure to high blood glucose levels. The anti-diabetes effect of Noni extract and juice has been examined but the beneficial role of Noni and its potential mechanisms against the development of diabetic retinopathy phenotype is still ambiguous. This review, therefore, will discusses in details the pharmacological actions of M. citrifolia fruit, along with their isolated phytochemical compounds on diabetic retinopathy markers, through describing the conducted in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical data.

Coastal regions characterized by different degrees of soil salinity pose a significant challenge to agricultural productivity. This study investigates an approach for the sustainable use of coastal saline soils, focusing on the cultivation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) as a test crop. Through in situ experimentation in the south-eastern coastal part of Bangladesh, we analyzed soil amendment techniques and the resilience of spinach in terms of yield and nutritional quality in a moderately saline soil. The present experiment consists of four treatments viz. un-amended (T1), only N-P-K dose (T2), vermicompost (VC) at 1% (w/w) with N-P-K (T3), VC plus wood ash (WA) at 1% (w/w) of each (T4). Biomass and dry matter were found in the following sequence T3>T4>T2>T1. The uptake of macronutrients and micronutrients grown in treated soils significantly (p<0.05) increased over control with the highest response in VC amended soils followed by VC plus WA application. The tolerance of spinach to salinity was found to be highest in VC amended soils and minimum in control. Analyses of the soils after harvest of spinach revealed that the availability of all nutrients except Fe and Mn increased in VC plus WA treated condition. The single application of organic amendment (i.e., VC) is recommended for better performance of spinach in soils with neutral (pH 6.75) soil reaction and moderate salinity. The results suggest that proper soil management can enhance productivity, offering a sustainable pathway for coastal agriculture.