Purpose \nWe assessed the effect of splint use duration on the pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle repair in 30 patients undergoing fixation of distal radius fractures using anatomical volar plates.\nMethods\nAfter fracture fixation, the PQ muscle was repaired along the radial margin, and three radiopaque hemoclips were attached to the radial margin of the muscle. Patients were divided into groups with 10 days or 20 days of splint application. Follow-up X-ray evaluations were performed at 10 and 20 days, and at 1, 2, and 3 months post-operatively. Hemoclip displacement of ?1 cm following surgical follow-up indicated repair failure.\nResults\nHemoclip displacement was not detected in any of the 30 patients. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups that were related to splint use duration.\nConclusion\n PQ muscle repairs are generally durable after fixation of distal radius fractures with anatomical volar plates. The splint use duration had no radiological or clinical effects on the PQ repair.

There is currently great interest in finding novel compounds of plant origin with antibacterial activity that can serve as an alternative or complement to existing drugs. One of the most interesting groups of plants in this regard is that of cacti. However, many species of this family are very small in size and are classified as endangered, which restricts the use of their tissues for phytochemical studies. An alternative for obtaining compounds with antibacterial properties from cacti is the use of transformed roots. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of extracts from transformed roots obtained by co-culture with Agrobacterium rhizogenes of eight species of cacti: Echinocactus platyacanthus, Escobaria chaffeyi, Mammillaria bocasana, M. sphacelata, Turbinicarpus laui, T. lophophoroides, T. pseudopectinatus, and T. schmiedickeanus subsp. schwarzii. The extraction was done using chloroform, methanol and ammonium hydroxide. The extraction efficiency was between 11.17 and 30%. All extracts were analyzed analyzed by colored reactions; in addition, alkaloid compounds were qualitatively analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. The antibacterial activity of these compounds was determined using the disc diffusion bioassay and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) tests against various opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (nine Gram-negative and one Gram-positive species), and a phytopathogenic species. The extract from T. pseudopectinatus was the most effective against most of the microorganisms studied here. This extract showed the lowest MIC (1.2 mg/mL) against Enterobacter sp. and Klebsiella oxytoca, and the lowest MBC (2.38 mg/mL) against K. oxytoca.

The study is aimed at determining the effects of the school year, the academic record and the body mass index on the barriers to physical activity in a sample of 852 Spanish adolescents (M = 14.9; DT = 1.75). A descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out, after administration of the Self-Report Questionnaire of Barriers to Physical Activity Practice (SRQBPAP) adapted by Niñerola, Capdevila and Pintanel (2006). The results point as main barriers the obligations or lack of time, and fatigue or laziness. Likewise, adolescents perceive greater barriers to physical activity practice in upper-level courses, in which they exhibit better academic performance and a higher body mass index. In conclusion, addressing these barriers may help to minimize sedentary behavior in adolescents.